Specialist Treatment for Snoring, Sleep Apnoea and Airway Disorders
Expert diagnosis, targeted treatment and evidence-based care for sleep-related breathing problems.
Understanding your airway is the first step toward better sleep
Snoring and sleep apnoea are often caused by multiple points of narrowing in the nose, throat or airway. As a Consultant ENT and Sleep Surgeon, Mr Ryan Cheong provides a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment — combining ENT examination, sleep studies and, when appropriate, Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE).
This page gives a clear overview of the treatments available, with links to detailed information on each option.
Snoring
Snoring is the sound created when airflow becomes partially blocked during sleep and causes soft tissue in the nose or throat to vibrate.
Although many people snore occasionally, persistent or loud snoring often suggests a deeper issue with nighttime breathing. It can disrupt your sleep, disturb partners, and sometimes signal an underlying condition such as obstructive sleep apnoea. Snoring may also worsen over time as anatomy, weight, or airway tone changes.
Why does snoring happen?
Snoring happens because airflow meets resistance in the nose, soft palate, throat or tongue during sleep.
This resistance may occur due to nasal blockage, enlarged tonsils, soft palate vibration, weight-related airway narrowing or the tongue relaxing backward. Alcohol, sleeping on your back and ageing also reduce airway muscle tone, making snoring more likely. In many patients, snoring results from a combination of factors — which is why identifying the exact cause is important.
How do we diagnose snoring?
We diagnose snoring through a detailed ENT examination, review of symptoms and a sleep study to measure breathing, snoring patterns and oxygen levels.
To tailor and personalise treatment, a Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) may be used to observe the airway during sleep-like conditions. DISE shows precisely where vibration or collapse happens, ensuring treatment is targeted and effective.
What are the treatment options for snoring?
Treatment options range from nasal therapies and oral devices to minimally invasive palatal procedures and throat or nasal surgery.
Lifestyle adjustments can help mild snoring, while structural causes — such as a deviated septum or enlarged tonsils — may require surgery. Treatment is always tailored to your anatomy, symptoms and sleep study results.
Sleep Apnoea Treatment
Sleep apnoea is a condition in which the airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, causing pauses in breathing and fragmented sleep.
These breathing pauses can occur dozens of times per hour, lowering oxygen levels and forcing the body to repeatedly “wake up” to restore airflow. This leads to daytime fatigue, poor concentration, morning headaches and long-term cardiovascular risks.
Why does sleep apnoea develop?
Sleep apnoea develops when the nose, soft palate, tongue or throat muscles obstruct the airway during sleep.
A narrow airway, enlarged tonsils, a deviated septum, low muscle tone, sleeping position and weight gain can all contribute. Some patients have anatomical narrowing from childhood; others develop it later due to lifestyle or age-related changes. Because the cause varies, treatment must be personalised.
How do we diagnose sleep apnoea?
We diagnose sleep apnoea using a sleep study to measure breathing, oxygen levels and sleep disruption.
This is combined with an ENT airway examination. In cases where surgery or implant therapy is being considered, DISE is used to identify the exact collapse pattern. Together, these tests give a complete picture of airway function.
What are the treatment options for sleep apnoea?
Treatment options include CPAP, oral appliances, nasal therapy, targeted ENT surgery, lifestyle changes or hypoglossal nerve implants.
CPAP remains the gold standard, but many patients struggle with comfort or tolerance. For these patients, DISE-guided surgery or implant therapy can offer a mask-free alternative.
Treatment is designed around the cause, severity and patient goals.
Hypoglossal Nerve Implants
Hypoglossal nerve implants are implanted medical devices that treat sleep apnoea by stimulating the tongue muscles to keep the airway open during sleep.
They work by synchronising with each breath, gently activating the hypoglossal nerve so the tongue moves forward and airway collapse is prevented. They offer a quiet, mask-free alternative to CPAP.
Who are Hypoglossal Nerve Implants implants suitable for?
Implants are suitable for patients with moderate to severe sleep apnoea who cannot tolerate CPAP and whose airway collapse pattern is compatible with nerve stimulation.
Candidates must undergo a sleep study and DISE to confirm suitability. Patients typically choose implant therapy because they want a comfortable, long-term solution without masks, hoses or pressure settings.
How do we assess whether an implant is appropriate?
We assess suitability through ENT examination, sleep study results and DISE to identify how the airway behaves during sleep.
DISE is critical because it shows whether the collapse responds to stimulation, ensuring implant therapy is offered only to patients who will benefit. This structured assessment removes uncertainty and guides treatment confidently.
What implant options are available?
Two implant systems are available in the UK — Inspire and Genio Nyxoah — each offering different approaches to nerve stimulation.
Inspire uses a device placed in the chest with internal sensors; Genio sits beneath the chin and uses an external activation patch. Both can significantly improve symptoms when chosen for the right patient.
ENT Surgery
ENT sleep surgery is a group of procedures designed to improve airflow by treating structural obstruction in the nose, throat and tongue base.
These procedures help reduce snoring, improve CPAP tolerance or treat sleep apnoea when anatomy plays a major role. Surgery is not used for everyone — only when clearly beneficial.
Why might ENT surgery be needed?
ENT surgery may be needed when nasal blockage, enlarged tonsils, soft palate collapse or tongue-base crowding significantly contribute to snoring or sleep apnoea.
For many patients, symptoms persist because multiple areas of the airway create obstruction. Surgery can correct these issues, often improving both breathing and sleep quality.
How do we decide whether surgery is appropriate?
We decide based on a combination of ENT examination, sleep study results and DISE findings.
These results reveal exactly where obstruction occurs — whether in the nose, palate, throat or tongue base. This ensures surgery is targeted, effective and only recommended when it will genuinely help.
What surgical options are available?
Surgical options include septoplasty, turbinate reduction, nasal valve support, tonsillectomy, palatal stiffening procedures, uvula surgery and tongue-base procedures.
Some patients need treatment at a single site; others benefit from DISE-directed multilevel surgery. Recovery varies by procedure but is supported with clear guidance and follow-up.
Sleep Studies
A sleep study is an overnight test that measures breathing, snoring, oxygen levels and sleep disruption to diagnose sleep-related breathing disorders.
It provides objective data on how well you breathe during sleep and whether snoring or apnoeas are present.
Why might I need a sleep study?
You might need a sleep study if you experience snoring, gasping at night, excessive tiredness, morning headaches or suspected sleep apnoea.
Sleep studies are essential for assessing severity, identifying risk factors and determining which treatment is appropriate.
How is a sleep study performed?
A sleep study is performed either at home using a compact monitoring device or in a clinic for more detailed analysis.
Home studies measure airflow, oxygen saturation, snoring volume, breathing patterns and sleep position. In-clinic studies provide expanded data for complex cases.
What happens after the sleep study?
After the sleep study, your results are reviewed with you and used to create a personalised treatment plan.
This may include lifestyle measures, medical therapy, CPAP, surgery, implant consideration or more detailed airway analysis via DISE. Results guide every treatment decision.
Assess Your Risk of Sleep Apnoea
The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a short screening tool that helps identify whether you may be at risk of obstructive sleep apnoea. It looks at snoring, daytime tiredness, breathing during sleep and common risk factors.
It does not provide a diagnosis, but can help indicate whether further assessment, such as a sleep study, may be appropriate.
Take the Next Step Towards Better Sleep
Schedule a consultation with Mr Ryan Cheong to understand your symptoms and explore appropriate treatment options.